- The TOEFL Exam: What the Test Is About
The TOEFL exam has four sections: Listening, Structure, Reading, and Writing. The Listening section measures
your ability to understand English as spoken in North America. If you have lived in an English-speaking
country or region where the accent is different than you will find on the TOEFL exam, you may need to
spend some extra time adjusting to the sound of American English. The Structure section of the exam tests
your knowledge of English grammar and usage, including topics such as verb tenses, idioms, and parallel
structure. The Reading section measures your ability to understand passages written in English. You will be
asked to identify the main idea, determine the meaning of vocabulary words, identify specific details, and draw
inferences based upon the passage. Finally, the Writing section will ask you to write a short essay on a general
topic.
- How to Prepare for the TOEFL Exam
- Part I: Study Skills
Maybe it’s been a while since you last studied for an exam, or maybe you have never had to prepare for a standardized
test like the TOEFL exam. In any case, you may be unsure about the best way to get ready for this
important exam. How much time you spend studying each week is important. But how you study is the key
to your success. Use the study skills described in this chapter to make the most of your study time.
You can also get in the mood for studying by thinking about the short- and long-term rewards you will
receive for your hard work. Keep in mind the benefits you will receive from your TOEFL exam study time:
■ You will read and write better in English.
■ You will understand more of what you hear.
■ You will be able to apply to U.S. colleges and universities.
■ You will get the education you need for a successful future.
2. Part II: Learning Strategies
How successful you are at studying usually has less to do with how much you know and how much you study
than with how you study. That’s because some study techniques are much more effective than others. You can
spend hours and hours doing practice tests, but if you don’t carefully review your answers, much of your time
will be wasted. You need to learn from your mistakes and study what you don’t know. The best method is to
use several of the following proven study techniques. They can help you make the most of your learning style
and store information in your long-term memory.
Asking questions is a powerful study strategy because it forces you to get actively involved in the material you
want to learn. That, in turn, will help you better understand and remember the material. And there’s another
important benefit—asking and answering your own questions will help you be comfortable with the format
of the exam.
For example, when you are reading something in English, you can ask yourself questions like those you
would see on the TOEFL exam, such as:
1. What is this passage about?
2. What is the main idea?
3. What is the author’s purpose?
4. What is the meaning of this word as it is used in the sentence?
5. What does “it” refer to in this passage?
6. Is this sentence a main idea or a detail?
Similarly, imagine you are on the subway. You hear two people talking about their jobs. Listen carefully
to what they are saying. Then ask yourself the kinds of questions you might be asked about their conversation,
such as:
1. Why is the man upset?
2. What does the man do at work?
3. What is his supervisor’s name?
4. When was his last vacation?
5. What does the lady mean by “grin and bear it”?
Of course, you may not be able to answer all of your questions right away. You may need to do some
extra work to find the answer
3. Part III: Test-Taking Strategies
Knowing the material you will be tested on improves your chances of succeeding. But it doesn’t guarantee
that you will do your best on the test. The TOEFL exam doesn’t just test your knowledge of the English language.
Like all standardized tests, it also measures your test-taking skills. In this section, you will learn strategies
for taking standardized tests like the TOEFL exam.
Learn about the Test
One sure way to increase your chances of test success is to find out as much as you can about the exam. If you
don’t know what to expect on the test, you won’t know how to study. It is likely that you will be extra anxious
about the exam, too. The more you know about the test you are going to take, the better you can prepare—and
the more relaxed you will be when the test comes.
You already know what kind of test the TOEFL exam is. You know that there are four sections: Listening
Comprehension, Structure and Written Expression, Reading Comprehension, and Writing. You know that
the test questions for the first three sections are all multiple-choice. You know how much time you have to
complete each section. But until you look at actual sample questions, you still don’t really know what to
expect. For example, in the Listening Comprehension section, what kind of passages will you listen to? What
kind of questions will you be asked about those passages?
A rested and relaxed brain learns information best. Whenever possible, study right before you go to sleep or first
thing after you wake. Try not to do anything else in between. If you study for an hour and then watch TV for an
hour before bed, you won’t remember as much as if you studied for an hour and then went right to bed. Right
before and after sleep, you are usually in your most relaxed state—and that makes it easier for you to learn.
Getting sample tests and working with skill builders like this book can help you in many ways. You will
get used to the kind of questions you will be asked and the level of difficulty of those questions. You will also
become familiar with the format and comfortable with the length of the exam.
1. Satu kalimat hanya terdiri dari satu Subyek dan satu Predikat
- Ciri-ciri kata benda :The, a, an, -ion, -ment, -ty, -ness, dan biasanya juga terletak diantara …of …
- Contoh : Of all the cereals, rice is the one —– food for more people than any of the other grain crops.
- a. It provides b.That providing c. Provides d. That provides (Answer)
2. Subyek & Verb Agreement
- Is —-> tunggal
- Are —>jamak
- Subjek Tunggal —> V+s/es
- Subjek Tunggal —> has
- Subjek Jamak —> have
3. Parallelism
- Rumus : kata, kata (and/but/or/so) kata - seragam
- Example : To generate income, magazine publishers must decide wheather to increase the subscription price or —-
- a. To sell advertising b. If they should sell advertising c. Selling advertising d. Sold advertising
4. Satu kalimat pasti satu tenses
5. Kata sambung di depan kalimat, maka ditengah kalimat harus ada tanda baca koma (,)
- Altought, because, when, since
- Contoh :
- —-both men and women have often achieved their career ambitions by midlife, many people are afflicted by at last a temporary period of dissatisfaction and depression.
- a. Because (answer) b. So c. A d. Who
6. Bentuk IF
- If Present, …will…
- If Past, …would … (were) –> khusus
- If had+V3, … would have+V3 …
- Contoh : If it — more humid in the desert of the Soutwest, the hot temperature would be unbearable.
- a. Be b. Is c. Was d. Were (answer) sesuai rumus diatas
7. Kata sambung berpasangan (Paired Conjunction)
- Both …and…
- Not only … but also…
- Either … or…
- Neither … nor…
- The same … as…
- As … as…
- Contoh : North Carolina is well known not only for the Great Smoky Mountains National Park — for the Cherokee Indian settlements
- a. Also b. And c. But also (answer) sesuai rumus d. Because of
8. Kalimat Comparatives dan Superlative
- More/-er …than –>g boleh pakai the, kecuali kata : the sooner …, the better…
- Most/the -est …in/of …
9. Kata benda yang bisa dihitung dan tidak bisa dihitung (Countable Noun dan Uncountable Noun)
- Kata benda bisa dihitung : Many, few
- Kata benda tidak bisa dihitung : Much, little
- Ada kata benda khusus yang merupakan kata benda yang tidak bisa dihitung : money, data, information, time, homework, equipment
- Kata benda ada kata “s” dibelakangnya berarti pasti bisa dihitung, kecuali news (tidak bisa dihitung)
- Contoh : For the investor who —money , silver, or bonds are good options.
- a. Has so little b. Has very little (answer) c. Has so few d. Has very few
10. Kata kerja berpasangan
- Fail to
- Responsible for
- Afraid of
- Effect…on…
- Forbidden to…
- Interested in…
- Contoh : The differential attractions of the sun and the moon have a direct effect on the rising and the falling of the tides
11. Kata sambung
- Who –> Predikat (V, tobe bukan orang)
- Whom –> Subject (orang)
- That –> Kata kerja
- Contoh : John Philip Sousa, whom many people consider the greatest composer of marches, wrote his music during the era known as the Gay 90s
12. Bentuk Causative
- Prinsip menyuruh orang untuk melakukan sesuatu
- Orang (had/made/let/help) orang + V1
- Contoh : I help you do your homework
13. Negative expressions
- (Not/only/never/rarely) + Kalimat + (aux+s+v1)
14. Kata depan (Preposition)
- Tunggal It,its
- Jamak they, them
- Contoh : Aeronomy is the study of the earth’s upper atmosphere, whch includes it’s composition, temperature, density, and chemical reactions.
15. Kata ganti (Pronoun)
- (by/in/of/for) + Kata benda / V+ing
- Contoh : Althought it can be derived from oil, coal, and tar, kerosene is usually produced by refining it from petroleum
SUMBER
http://elibrary.bsu.az/kitablar/1095.pdf
http://fahmi52.blogdetik.com/tips-and-trick-menjawab-soal-structure-toefl
